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Ramsauer–Townsend effect
The Ramsauer–Townsend effect, also sometimes called the Ramsauer effect or the Townsend effect, is a physical phenomenon involving the scattering of low-energy electrons by atoms of a noble gas. Since its explanation requires the wave theory of quantum mechanics, it demonstrates the need for physical theories more sophisticated than those of Newtonian physics.
== Definitions ==
When an electron moves through a gas, its interactions with the gas atoms cause scattering to occur. These interactions are classified as ''inelastic'' if they cause excitation or ionization of the atom to occur and ''elastic'' if they do not.
The ''probability of scattering'' in such a system is defined as the number of electrons scattered, per unit electron current, per unit path length, per unit pressure at 0 °C, per unit solid angle. The ''number of collisions'' equals the total number of electrons scattered elastically and inelastically in all angles, and the ''probability of collision'' is the total number of collisions, per unit electron current, per unit path length, per unit pressure at 0 °C.
Because noble gas atoms have a relatively high first ionization energy and the electrons do not carry enough energy to cause excited electronic states, ionization and excitation of the atom are unlikely, and the probability of elastic scattering over all angles is approximately equal to the probability of collision.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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